Upper limb amputations are typically caused two ways, from birth or trauma.  Loss of upper extremity function can be very inhibiting on daily function.  The components and design of upper limb prosthetics vary depending on the individual's goals. 

Passive/Cosmetic Prosthesis

Passive upper limb prostheses is an option for an individual whom strives for cosmesis over function.  The passive hand provides a cosmetically appealing, realistic replica of the lost limb.  Some individuals use a passive hand for social events and use a more functional hand for achieving daily tasks. 

Body Powered Prosthesis

Body powered prostheses are the more traditional design which utilize a harness and cable system which is activated by upper body movement to control the terminal device (either hand or hook).  This design is less expensive and heavier duty than other designs. 

 

Myoelectric Prosthesis

Myoelectrics function by muscle contractions emitting EMG signals which activates the motor which controls the components.  These contain battery packs and have electrical components.  Myoelectrics provide more natural movements and are less cumbersome than other designs. 

 

Hybrid Prosthesis

Hybrid systems combine different systems for simultaneous control of the elbow and terminal device.  This system uses body power and electrical power.